Specialty (medicine) Totally Explained

Everything about Specialty Medicine totally explained

A specialty in medicine is a branch of medical science, other than general practice. After completing medical school, physicians or surgeons usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple year residency. Doctors who engage in a medical specialty are known as medical specialists.

Salary

The mean annual salary of a medical specialist is $175,011 for surgeons.
Although medical specialists in other countries on average make less than those in the U.S., they also go through fewer years of training, and most, if not all, of their educational tuition and living expenses are funded by the government during these years. In some countries (for example, Austria, Netherlands), specialty pay as a percentage of GDP per capita actually exceeds the U.S.

Country	Salary (USD)
Australia	160,000
Sweden	56,000
United States	175,000
United Kingdom	215,000

Specialties by country

Australia and New Zealand

Specialty training in Australia and New Zealand is overseen by the specialty colleges:

Canada

Specialty training in Canada is overseen by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

United States

There are three agencies or organizations in the United States which collectively oversee physician board certification of MD and DO (osteopathic) physicians in the 26 approved medical specialties recognized in the United States. These organizations are the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) and the American Medical Association; the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (AOABS) and the American Osteopathic Association; the American Board of Physician Specialties (ABPS) and the American Association of Physician Specialists. Each of these agencies and their associated national medical organization functions as an umbrella for its various specialty academies, colleges and societies.

Certifying Board	National Organization	Physician Type
ABMS	AMA	MD Only
AOABS	AOA	DO Only
ABPS	AAPS	MD and DO

All boards of certification now require that physicians demonstrate, by examination, continuing mastery of the core knowledge and skills for their chosen specialty. Recertification varies by specialty between every 7 and every 10 years.

Medical specialties

In this table, medical specialties are organized into the following groups:

Surgical specialties - the use of manually operative and instrumental techniques to treat disorders.

Internal medicine - concerns the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases in adults, especially of internal organs.

Diagnostic specialties, rather examines disorders etc. than directly attempts to cure.

Neurology - focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with neurological disorders.

Specialty	Code	Group	Subspecialties	Description	Salary in US ($)
Anesthesiology	AN/PAN	surgical
Surgical oncology	SO	surgical/Oncology specialty		concerned with curative and palliative surgical approaches to cancer treatment.
Urology	U	surgical		Focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the male reproductive system. It is often practiced together with andrology ("men's health").	365,999
Vascular surgery	VS	surgical		surgery of peripheral blood vessels, for example those outside of the chest (usually operated on by cardiovascular surgeons) and of the central nervous system (treated by neurosurgery).	365,882
Transplant surgery	TTS	surgical
Thoracic surgery	TS	surgical			376,000
General surgery	GS	surgical	Cosmetic surgery, Trauma surgery, Colorectal surgery	traditionally defined as the specialty of surgery of the skin, endocrine glands, and abdomen (and, sometimes, the mammary glands). In some countries, it's still deemed a prerequisite training prior to progression to training in certain subspecialties, but lately has evolved into its own subspecialty	327,902
Cardiovascular surgery		surgical		the surgical specialty that's concerned with the heart and major blood vessels of the chest.	460,000
Trauma surgery	TRS	surgical			352,971
Maxillofacial surgery	Maxfacs or OMFS	surgical	Craniofacial surgery, Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, Craniomaxillofacial trauma	surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
Dermatology	D or DS	other		deals with the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc).	316,473
Emergency medicine	EM	surgical/Internal medicine		branch of medicine that's practiced in a hospital emergency department, in the field (in a modified form — see EMS), and other locations where initial medical treatment of illness takes place.	255,530
Cardiology		Internal medicine		specializes in disorders of the cardiovascular system and its diseases. The field is commonly divided into subdisciplines dealing with congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.	370,295
Intensive care medicine		Internal medicine		or intensive care medicine - concerned with the therapy of patients with serious and life-threatening disease or injury. Intensive care medicine employs invasive diagnostic techniques and (temporary) replacement of organ functions by technical means. This field is often associated with pulmonology.
Endocrinology		Internal medicine		concerned with the endocrine system (for example endocrine glands and hormones) and its diseases, including diabetes and thyroid diseases.
Gastroenterology		Internal medicine		concerned with the alimentary tract.	193,162
Clinical laboratory sciences		Diagnostic specialties	Transfusion medicine is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood component, including the maintenance of a "blood bank". Cellular pathology is concerned with diagnosis using samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using histology and cytology. Clinical chemistry is concerned with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues. Hematology is concerned with diagnosis by looking at changes in the cellular composition of the blood and bone marrow as well as the coagulation system in the blood. Clinical microbiology is concerned with the in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Clinical immunology is concerned with disorders of the immune system and related body defenses. It also deals with diagnosis of allergy.	the clinical diagnostic services which apply laboratory techniques to diagnosis and management of patients. In the United States these services are supervised by a pathologist. The personnel that work in these medical laboratory departments are technically trained staff, each of whom usually hold a medical technology degree, who actually perform the tests, assays, and procedures needed for providing the specific services.	160,300
Hematology		Internal medicine		or haematology (BE) - concerned with the blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Hematology is part of oncology in the US, though the disciplines are separate in the UK.
Radiology		Diagnostic specialties	Interventional Radiology	Directing medical imaging technologies to diagnose and sometimes treat diseases.	348,526
Hepatology		Internal medicine		concerned with the liver and biliary tract, and is usually a part of gastroenterology.
Infectious diseases	ID	Internal medicine		concerned with the study, diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by biological agents.
Nephrology		Internal medicine		concerned with diseases of the kidneys.
Proctology	PRO	Internal medicine		specializes in treatment of disease in the rectum, anus, and colon.
Pulmonology		Internal medicine(/intensive care specialty)		chest medicine, respiratory medicine, or lung medicine is concerned with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory system. In some countries and areas. Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine, although it's closely related to intensive care medicine when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation.	265,907
Rheumatology	RHU	Internal medicine		devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joints and other organ systems, such as arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.
Neurosurgery	NS	Neurology/surgical		Treating central, peripheral nervous system, and spinal column diseases.	530,000	Reproductive medicine fertility medicine (salary may be 700,000 )	the branches of medicine which deals with female reproductive organs, pregnancy, and childbirth.	299,620
Ophthalmology	OPH	surgical		branch of medical practice dealing with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain etc.	295,510
Pathology	PTH	Diagnostic specialties		the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of molecules, cells, tissues and organs. The term encompasses both the medical specialty which uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information, as well as the related scientific study of disease processes.	247,506
Pediatrics	PD	other	Like internal medicine, there are many pediatric subspecialities for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most subspecialities of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as pediatric cardiology, pediatric endocrinology, pediatric gastroenterology, pediatric hematology, pediatric oncology, pediatric ophthalmology, and neonatology.	deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (from newborn to age 16-21, depending on the country).	185,913
Physical medicine and rehabilitation		Neurology/other		(or physiatry) is concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or congenital disorders.
Oncology	ON	other	Radiation oncology - pertains to the use of radiation therapy (the medical use of ionizing radiation) as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology).	devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer and other malignant diseases, and is often grouped with hematology.	371,218
Geriatrics	IMG	Internal medicine		branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, care, and treatment of function and diseases of the aging patient.	177,392
Intensive care medicine		other		concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring.	255,055
Clinical Neurophysiology		Diagnostic specialty	Electroencephalography - EEG is concerned with testing the gross function of the brain. Electromyography - EMG is concerned with testing the function of muscles and neuromuscular junctions. Evoked potential - An EP is concerned with testing the nerve pathways involved in both sensory and motor functions. Nerve conduction study Polysomnography / Sleep Study	concerned with testing the physiology or function of the central and peripheral aspects of the nervous system. These kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of: (1) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or (2) stimulus evoked responses.
Palliative care	PLM	other		a relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with terminal illnesses including cancer and heart failure.
Psychiatry	P	other	Child and adolescent psychiatry focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including ADHD, autism, and family conflicts. Geriatric psychiatry focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including dementias, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression. Addiction psychiatry focuses on substance abuse and its treatment. Forensic psychiatry focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.	the branch of medicine concerned with the bio-psycho-social study of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral disorders. Related non-medical fields include psychotherapy and clinical psychology.	200,871

Other uses

In the U.S. Army, the term "medical specialist" refers to occupational therapists, physical therapists, dietitians and physician assistants, also known as allied health professionals.

Further Information

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